GLP-1 receptor agonists have revolutionized diabetes and obesity management, offering new hope for patients worldwide. These drugs mimic the incretin hormone to regulate blood sugar, promote weight loss, and improve cardiovascular health.
GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1)
- Definition: A hormone produced in the gut that regulates blood sugar levels by stimulating insulin secretion, suppressing glucagon release, and slowing gastric emptying.
- Role: Plays a key role in glucose metabolism and appetite regulation.
- Medical Use: GLP-1 receptor agonists are used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity by mimicking its effects.
- Benefits: Improves glycemic control, promotes weight loss, and reduces cardiovascular risks.
Key GLP-1 Agonists in the Market
1. Semaglutide-Based Medications
- Ozempic: A weekly injectable for Type 2 diabetes, widely used in the U.S.
- Wegovy: Approved for chronic weight loss and heart health improvement.
- Rybelsus: The first oral GLP-1 agonist for diabetes, available in India since 2022.
2. Tirzepatide-Based Medications
- Mounjaro: A dual GIP and GLP-1 agonist for diabetes, with promising weight loss effects.
- Zepbound: Approved for weight loss in 2023 but not yet available in India.
3. Other Notable Drugs
- Byetta (Exenatide): One of the earliest GLP-1 drugs, taken twice daily.
- Victoza (Liraglutide): Daily injectable for diabetes in India.
- Aplevant (Dulaglutide): Another long-acting option from Eli Lilly.
Ongoing Clinical Trials and Future Prospects
Several new GLP-1 drugs are in the pipeline, including:
- Retatrutide (Type 2 diabetes and obesity)
- Survodutide (Obesity with cardiovascular disease/kidney issues)
- Orforglipron (A next-gen oral GLP-1 drug)
India is actively participating in global trials, with over 1,800 participants in semaglutide studies and 1,088 in tirzepatide research.
GLP-1 agonists have transformed diabetes care and are now emerging as powerful tools for weight loss and heart health. With ongoing research and new approvals, these drugs are set to reshape the future of metabolic medicine.
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