Weight-loss drugs like Ozempic and Wegovy are changing the way millions approach health and body weight. But new research warns that these powerful medicines could carry hidden risks for young women of reproductive age.
A study led by Flinders University found that many women starting these treatments are not using effective contraception, raising concerns about unplanned pregnancies and potential risks to unborn babies.
The Study at a Glance
- Researchers analyzed records from 1.6 million Australian women aged 18–49 between 2011–2022.
- 18,010 women began treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonists (the drug class that includes Ozempic).
- Only 21% were using contraception at the time.
- In 2022, over 6,000 women started GLP-1 therapy — and more than 90% did not have diabetes (showing the shift toward weight-loss use).
- 2.2% became pregnant within six months of starting treatment, with higher pregnancy rates among:
- Younger women with diabetes
- Women in their early 30s without diabetes
- Women with PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome), whose fertility often improves with weight loss
Why Pregnancy and GLP-1s Don’t Mix
GLP-1 receptor agonists were originally designed for type 2 diabetes, but their appetite-suppressing effects made them hugely popular for weight loss.
The problem? Safety during pregnancy is not well established.
- Animal studies (University of Amsterdam) linked GLP-1 exposure to reduced fetal growth and skeletal abnormalities.
- Human data is limited, but experts agree the risks are concerning.
- UK guidelines already advise that women taking GLP-1 drugs should avoid pregnancy and use contraception.
Expert Warning
Lead author Associate Professor Luke Grzeskowiak, a pharmacist at Flinders University, emphasized:
“These medications can be incredibly helpful, but they’re not risk-free, especially during pregnancy. We need to ensure reproductive health is part of every conversation when these drugs are prescribed to women of childbearing age.”
He also called for clearer guidelines so doctors consistently discuss contraception when prescribing GLP-1s.
Key Takeaways for Women
If you’re a woman of reproductive age considering or currently taking Ozempic, Wegovy, or similar drugs:
- ✅ Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits.
- ✅ Use effective contraception while on treatment.
- ✅ Do not use these drugs during pregnancy unless explicitly advised by a specialist.
- ✅ Remember: weight loss may increase fertility, so unplanned pregnancies are more likely.
The Bigger Picture
This research highlights the need for more studies on how GLP-1 drugs affect pregnancy and fetal development. Until then, experts stress caution, contraception, and clear medical guidance.
These medicines may be life-changing for weight management and health — but for women in their childbearing years, they must be used wisely and safely.
